根据现行指南,谁可能适合使用阿司匹林进行心血管事件一级预防?
请注意,没有指南建议常规使用阿司匹林作为 心血管 事件(CV)的一级预防。 在以下组中使用共享决策制定基于 心血管事件风险与出血风险的个性化决策。
- 美国预防服务工作组 USPSTF(2022 年建议):40 至 59 岁且 10 年 心血管病 风险≥10% 且无增加出血风险倾向的人群。
- 美国心脏病学会和美国心脏协会ACC/AHA (2019):年龄在 40 至 70 岁之间的人群具有较高的 心血管病风险(例如,尤其是那些风险因素控制不佳的人群),并且是无增高出血风险倾向的人群。
- 欧洲心脏病学会ESC (2021):如果没有禁忌症,年龄 <70 岁患有糖尿病或高/极高 心血管病 风险的人群。
- 心脏病和中风基金会(加拿大)/CSC(2020 年):不推荐,但使用共同决策。
- 美国糖尿病协会ADA (2022):糖尿病和 心血管风险增加的患者(例如,50 至 70 岁的患者至少有一个额外的如下主要风险因素:早发性动脉粥样硬化 家族史、高血压、血脂异常、吸烟或白蛋白尿。 并且无增高出血风险.倾向。
- 加拿大糖尿病协会ADC (2018):可用于具有多种危险因素和炎症标志物(例如 C 反应蛋白 [CRP])升高的患者。
“Note that no guideline recommends routine aspirin use for primary prevention of CV events. Use shared decision-making to individualize decisions based on CV risk vs bleeding risk in the following groups.
USPSTF (2022 recommendations): age 40 to 59 years with ≥10% 10-year risk of CVD not at increased risk of bleeding.
ACC/AHA (2019): age 40 to 70 years with higher CV risk (e.g., especially those with poorly controlled risk factors) but not at increased risk of bleeding.
ESC (2021): age <70 years with diabetes or high/very high CV risk, if there are no contraindications.
Heart and Stroke Foundation (Canada)/CSC (2020): not recommended but use shared decision-making.
ADA (2022): patients with diabetes and increased CV risk (e.g., patients 50 to 70 years with at least one additional major risk factor: family history of premature atherosclerotic CVD, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, or albuminuria) who are not at increased risk of bleeding.
Diabetes Canada (2018): may be used for patients with multiple risk factors and increased inflammatory markers (e.g., C-reactive protein [CRP]). “ –
(Quoted from June 2022 Pharmacistsetters)